Discover Ankara: The Heart of Turkey – A Comprehensive Travel Guide

Welcome to Ankara, the vibrant capital of Turkey, a city where rich history meets modernity. Nestled in the heart of Anatolia, Ankara offers a unique blend of cultural heritage, political importance, and contemporary urban life. Whether you are a history buff, a foodie, or an avid explorer, Ankara has something special to offer. This guide will help international travelers navigate the city with ease, covering transportation options, must-see attractions, essential language tips, and important cultural do’s and don’ts.

Getting to and Around Ankara

Ankara is well-connected nationally and internationally. Its strategic location makes it a key hub for travelers looking to explore Turkey beyond Istanbul.

International and Domestic Transportation

• Esenboğa Airport (ESB): Ankara’s main airport is about 28 km from the city center. It serves numerous international flights from Europe, the Middle East, and beyond, as well as domestic flights within Turkey.
• Train: Ankara is a central junction in Turkey’s high-speed train network. The Ankara Train Station (Ankara Garı) offers fast and comfortable train services to Istanbul, Konya, Izmir, and other cities.
• Bus: Intercity buses operate from the AŞTİ (Ankara Şehirlerarası Terminal İşletmesi), the main bus terminal, connecting Ankara to virtually every major Turkish city.

Getting Around the City

Once in Ankara, transportation is convenient and affordable:

• Metro: Ankara’s metro system consists of several lines connecting key neighborhoods and suburbs with the city center. It’s clean, safe, and efficient.
• Buses and Dolmuş: Extensive bus routes and shared minibuses (dolmuş) cover much of the city, suitable for budget travelers looking to explore local areas.
• Taxis: Widely available, with meters. It’s advisable to ensure the meter is used to avoid overcharging.
• Walking: The city center, especially areas like Kızılay and Ulus, is very walkable. Comfortable shoes are recommended given Ankara’s hilly terrain.

Top Attractions in Ankara

Ankara is a dynamic mix of historic sites, museums, parks, and modern entertainment. Here are some essential places to visit:

1. Anıtkabir – The Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Situated on a hill overlooking the city, Anıtkabir is the monumental mausoleum dedicated to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. The site is not only a symbol of Turkish nationalism but also offers beautiful views and an insightful museum narrating Atatürk’s life and Turkey’s War of Independence.

2. Museum of Anatolian Civilizations

Housed in a beautifully restored Ottoman-era building near Ankara Castle, this museum showcases artifacts from Turkey’s rich prehistoric and ancient past, including Hittite, Phrygian, Urartian, and Roman relics. A must-visit for history enthusiasts.

3. Ankara Castle (Ankara Kalesi)

Overlooking the old city, the castle dates back to Roman and Byzantine times. Wander its cobbled streets lined with Ottoman homes, artisan shops, and cafes. The panoramic views of Ankara from the fortress walls are stunning at sunset.

4. Kocatepe Mosque

This grand mosque is one of the largest in Turkey and a striking example of classical Ottoman architecture built in the 20th century. It’s located near Kızılay, the main commercial district, and is open to visitors outside prayer times.

5. Atakule Tower

For a panoramic perspective of Ankara’s skyline, visit Atakule, a communications and observation tower standing 125 meters tall. The revolving restaurant at the top offers a unique dining experience.

6. Gençlik Parkı

A large urban park featuring a small amusement park, cafes, and green spaces. It’s a perfect spot for families and those seeking a peaceful retreat in the city.

7. Rahmi M. Koç Museum Ankara

An industrial museum featuring exhibits related to transportation, communications, and engineering, showcasing both Turkish and international innovations. Great for curious minds of all ages.

Language Tips for Visitors

Turkish is the official language spoken in Ankara. While many younger people and those in the service industry have basic English skills, especially in hotels and tourist spots, knowing some Turkish phrases will enhance your experience greatly.

• Hello / Hi: Merhaba (MEHR-hah-bah)
• Please: Lütfen (LOOT-fen)
• Thank You: Teşekkür ederim (teh-sheh-KOOR eh-deh-REEM)
• Yes: Evet (EH-vet)
• No: Hayır (HAI-uhr)
• Excuse me / Sorry: Affedersiniz (AHF-feh-der-see-niz)
• Do you speak English?: İngilizce biliyor musunuz? (in-ghee-LEEZ-jeh bee-lee-YOR moo-soo-nooz)
• How much does this cost?: Bu ne kadar? (boo neh kah-DAR)
• Where is …?: … nerede? (… neh-REH-deh)

Cultural Do’s and Don’ts in Ankara

Understanding local customs can enrich your visit and help avoid misunderstandings. Here are some guidelines to keep in mind:

Do’s

• Dress Modestly: While Ankara is modern and cosmopolitan, modest dressing is appreciated, especially when visiting mosques or conservative neighborhoods.
• Respect Religious Practices: During the call to prayer, it is respectful to lower your voice. When visiting mosques, remove your shoes and dress appropriately (covering shoulders and legs).
• Greet Politely: A handshake is common. When greeting elders, a slight nod or a hand over the heart is a sign of respect.
• Use Your Right Hand: When giving or receiving anything, including money or gifts, use your right hand or both hands.
• Try Local Cuisine: Ankara offers delicious traditional dishes such as “Ankara tava” (lamb and rice casserole), “çorbalar” (soups), and “baklava” for dessert. Don’t hesitate to eat at local eateries.

Don’ts

• Don’t Discuss Sensitive Topics: Politics and religion can be sensitive. Approach such conversations with caution and respect.
• Don’t Photograph Without Permission: Always ask before taking photos of people, especially in rural areas or religious sites.
• Don’t Publicly Display Affection: While holding hands is common, overt public displays of affection are generally frowned upon.
• Don’t Use Your Left Hand: Avoid using your left hand when eating or handing things to people, as it is considered impolite.

Additional Travel Tips

• Currency: The Turkish Lira (TRY) is used. Credit cards are widely accepted, but carrying some cash for markets and smaller shops is advisable.
• Weather: Ankara experiences hot summers and cold winters. Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) are the best times to visit for mild weather.
• Safety: Ankara is generally safe for tourists. Usual travel precautions apply, such as safeguarding your belongings, especially in crowded areas.
• Connectivity: Turkish SIM cards are easy to buy for internet access if your provider does not offer affordable roaming.
• Local Etiquette: Tipping is customary in restaurants and for services, typically around 10% of the bill.

Conclusion

Ankara may not be as famous internationally as Istanbul, but it offers a richly rewarding travel experience full of history, culture, and genuine Turkish hospitality. By understanding its transportation network, exploring its historic and modern attractions, learning a few language basics, and respecting local customs, you will enjoy an unforgettable visit to Turkey’s captivating capital. Pack your bags and get ready to discover Ankara’s unique charm!